BOOK REVIEW
1. Misc Info
a. Title No Easy Answers
b. Author James Goldrick
c. Publisher Lancer Publishers
d. Total
Pages 225
2. Central Theme.The end of colonial era in sub continent
resulted into a desire of
dominating
Indian Ocean by newly
born states. The ability of
nations to organize and maint naval svc depended upon lvl of national dev.
Naval planning efforts were dir towards finding ways to overcome deficiencies
which were otherwise inevitable in dev nations of south Asia. The book revolves
around obj survey of navies of sub continent and their future challenges.
3.
Author’s Inspirations. James Goldrick, s interest in the dev of navies in
sub continent dev during his research conducted in British Public Record Office
in 1984/85. As author belonged to Royal Australian Navy (RIA), therefore he
found similarities between the challenges faced by Indian navy and similarities
in response His first research ”The Royal Navy and Dev of Indian Navy
1945-1965” lead him towards subj of “Dev of Other Navies in South Asia”.
4. Contents. The book is divided into nine parts giving a detailed study of dev of navies in South Asia from 1945-1996. Focussing on India navy and Pakistan navy, detailed accounts of naval acquisition, eval of doctrine and continuos dependence of foreign assistance have been presented. The partition of sub continent coincided with cold war era and brought India and Pakistan close to USSR and USA respectivly.A brief account of various parts of the book is as under;
a.
Part 1.East
India Coy org and maint a naval svs in the sub continent during 1612.Later on
navy was reorg but the role remained limited to seaward def of India and its
maritime comm. The RIN was given due attention to ensure protection of
Singapore and other Asian possession against seaborne invasion
b.
Part 2&3.After
partition, the divided RIN was not capable of meeting strat req of India and
Pakistan. The strat compulsions of newly formed states resulted into desire of
expansion in navies. Despite even distribution of naval assets, it lead towards
massive naval expansion programme in the region .UK did not extend naval
assistance with a fear of new influences in Indian ocean in cold war era. By
1960,s India and Pakistan relied on USSR and USA. India emerged as dominating
naval power in surface vessels with an ac carrier.
c.
Part 4.The 1971 war was the first
display of naval powers of both the countries in Indian Ocean. India completely
dominated Pakistan navy by threatening SLOC to East Pakistan. This conflict
further accelerated the naval expansion in South Asia with Sri Lanka and
Bangladesh joining the race. War also demonstrated the imp of tech and
judgment, which Pakistan lacked.
d.
Part 5&6.After
1971 war with Pakistan, Indian strat threat did not reduce in view of Chinese
naval designs and Sri Lankan internal conflicts. Moreover the serviceability of
Indian fleet remained unsatisfactory.1996 saw Indian navy at crossrd with fragile eco which placed breaks upon
physical expansion. Pakistan on the other hand had an access to cheap source of
arm i.e. China. The obs was the lack of flow of funds. The soviet invasion in
Afghanistan brought new dimensions in Pakistan and navy was able to include RGM
84 Harpoon msls. However eco constraints remained a constant hurdle in
achieving a bal surface threat, inspite having dev an underwater threat.
e.
Part 7&8.The Bangladesh after 1971 req a naval force for monitoring, policing
and protection of eco zone. The decision to create coast gd was implemented in
1996 with coastal ptl craft and small boats. In Sri Lanka a need was felt to
have a reasonable naval force to sp army op in north against LTTE. Govt faced problems
to meet the req of armd forces in 1995.
f.
Part 9.
Maritime str depends upon commercial and industrial str of a country. The
challenges for navies of South Asia will be to determine where bal must be
struck between essentials and mere desirables.
4. Comments. The book provides insight of the naval expansion
in sub continent in a logical fashion. It is easy to comprehend by even an
average reader. To dev an interest for other svc, this book can serve as basis.
I recommend this book for offrs for gen studies.
ECO REVIVAL OF PAKISTAN AND ROLE OF INTL DONORS
1.
Introduction
2.
Aim. To study the role of intl
donors in the deteriorating eco of Pakistan and suggest measures for the eco
revival of Pakistan.
3.
Gen
a.
Aid
b.
Loan
c.
Grant
PART 1
4.
Emergence of
Intl Donors and their Role
a.
Post world war era and eco scenario in the world.
b.
UNO and IBRD
c.
IMF/ Paris Club /London Club
d.
USA assumes
status of individual country donor
5.
Impact of Intl
Donors on Global Eco
a.
Eco revival in
europe.
b.
Dev Programme for Lower dev countries (LDC).
c.
Capital eco into market eco
d.
Problem of debt clearance in pol instable countries.
PART 2
6.
Review of Pakistan Eco Affairs
a.
Pre planned era (1947-1955).
a.
Five Year Plans
(1) First
Phase 1955-1970
(2) Second
Phase 1970-1990
(3) Third Phase
1990-2000 (Eco Revival Plan)
7.
Principle Donors of Pakistan
a.
Aid to Pakistan Consortium/World Bank.
b.
Non Consortium Sources.
c.
Islamic Countries.
d.
IMF Trust Fund.
8.
Type of Assistance
a.
Project Assistance.
b.
Commodity Assistance.
c.
PL 480 Commodity Assistance.
d.
Tech Assistance.
9.
Terms and Conditions
a. Pd
of Repayment.
b.
Interest Rate.
c.
Grants.
10.
Appraisal of Pakistan Debt / Foreign Loan Outstanding.
11.
Option for Pakistan
a.
Rescheduling
b.
Privatization and
Debt Clearance
PART 3
12.
Concls
a.
Till 1970 Pakistan best user of intl / foreign aid.
b.
From mid 70,s
substantial rise in foreign aid ;
(1)
Devaluation of rupee.
(2)
Nationalization
(3)
Reduction in growth rate.
(4)
Other intl donors agencies dev.
c.
Pol
Destabilization
(1)
Incompetent politicians.
(2)
Corrupt beaurocracy.
d.
Changing Geo
Pol Sit
(1)
Grant component of aid gradually reduced.
(2)
Lending countries / agencies gave preference to
friendly countries.
(3)
Eco sanctions.
e. Eco
revival agenda of present govt.
13.
Recommendations
a.
Steps to be persuaded
by intl agencies
(1)
Reduction in interest rate.
(2)
Inc value of currency in LDC.
(3)
Adjustment in terms of aid.
b.
Eco strat.
c.
Agricultural reforms.
d.
Resource mob/reforms.
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